Gender budgeting is a critical tool of analysis, planning and resource allocation in mainstreaming women, peace and security goals. However, it is an emerging area and slowly gaining traction in a number of countries. Governments’ capacities to undertake gender analyses and mainstream gender across the various sectors requires boosting. The APRM already conducts comprehensive governance reviews; building gender analyses for planning and budgeting into its analytical tools can enrich country level implementation of gender mainstreaming. Gender sensitive sector security governance can help to respond to the security needs of women before, during and after conflict. Resolution 2151 (2014) calls for an increase of trained women in the security sector to improve effectiveness of accountability and gender responsiveness. It is important to infuse gender goals in national laws and in public service recruitment policies. Screening processes to ensure that perpetrators of sexual violence are not recycled into the security forces is key when undertaking security reforms. Involving parliament and civil society to monitor the robustness of these practices adds an extra layer of vigilance. The AUC has raised concerns around low reporting on the SDGEA; in 2011 only 9 country reports on SDGEA were received352 and by 2014 only 13 country reports had been submitted by member states.353 Ratification of the Maputo Protocol and reporting also reveals low country responses. In addition to reporting on the two fundamental frameworks on women’s rights in Africa, countries should to domesticate the Kampala Convention and the AU model law which contains important, gender responsive standards. The APRM can play a role in monitoring country implementation of these standards. It is the role of the APRM to ensure that countries sign and ratify these regional and international instruments but furthermore , translate them into programmes, practices and budgets. Certain economic policies carry risks associated either with troubled legacies or new risks. In some instances, economic policies pursuing programmes in the reconstruction phase have insecurities economic liberalization triggered tensions and economic in recovering communities returnees, socially vulnerable groups or 352 Decision on the Report of the Chairperson on the Implementation of the Solemn Declaration on Gender Equality in Africa (SDGEA) Doc EX.CL/729(XXI) 353 ‘African Union Commission Implementation of the Women, Peace, and Security Agenda in Africa’ July 2016 African Union Commission 113