offense which is not covered by any statute of limitations. Every judiciary body shall administer
its own affairs, with each to be allocated an independent budget whose items are all discussed
by the House of Representatives. After approving each budget, this is incorporated in the state
budget as a single figure, and these bodies’ opinions are consulted on the draft laws governing
their affairs. Judges are independent, cannot be dismissed, are subject to no other authority but
the law, and are equal in rights and duties. The conditions and procedures for their appointment,
secondment, delegation and retirement are regulated by the law, which also regulates their
disciplinary accountability. They may not be fully or partly delegated except to bodies and to
perform tasks that are identified by law, provided that all the foregoing maintains the
independence and impartiality of the judiciary and judges and prevents conflicts of interest.
Court sessions are public, unless, for reasons of public order or morality, the court deems them
confidential. In all cases, the verdict is given in an open session. The judiciary adjudicates in all
disputes and crimes except for matters over which another judicial body is competent. Only the
judiciary may settle any disputes relating to its members’ affairs, and its affairs are managed by
a higher council whose structure and mandate are defined by law, as detailed in articles 185 to
188 of the Constitution.
Public Prosecution:
The Public Prosecution service is an integral part of the judiciary. It is responsible for
investigating, pressing charges and prosecuting all criminal cases, except those exempted by
law. The law establishes the public prosecution’s other competencies. Public prosecution is
carried out by a Prosecutor General who is selected by the Supreme Judicial Council from
among the Deputies to the President of the Court of Cassation, the Presidents of the Court of
Appeals or the Assistant Prosecutor Generals, by virtue of a presidential decree, serving for a
period of four years, or for the period remaining until retirement age, whichever comes first, and
only once during a judge’s career. The Public Prosecution service is the main constitutional
means to protect the rights and freedoms of individuals and to protect public property against
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