Egypt's commitment to respecting these rights has been reflected in the Egyptian legal system, where the Constitution is the fundamental law governing the arms of the state, the system of government, the powers of the state, and its jurisdictions, the regulation of the legal relationship between them, and the rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals, as well as the guarantees in place for the protection of those rights. The Constitution guarantees all the rights and responsibilities that Egypt has recognized and adhered to, according to the regional and international conventions to which it has acceded. The national legislation has been included in accordance with the provisions of the constitution. These rights are enshrined in the Egyptian Constitution of 1971 and in the amendments to Articles 40 to 63, which remained in effect until the revolution of January 25, 2011. A number of constitutional declarations were issued afterwards, followed by the 2012 Constitution and finally the 2014 Constitution which provided for those rights and obliged the state to safeguard them, as furnished in the provision of Articles 7 to 26 related to social issues, Articles 27 to 46 concerning economic issues, Articles 47 to 50 pertaining to cultural matters, and Articles 51 to 93 dealing with rights, freedoms and public duties, with all of these collectively protecting the principles of equality before the law and ensuring no discrimination for any reason. The principles of human rights in the Egyptian legal system are equal to the constitutional rule, which derives its powers from the Constitution. The legislative authority commits to including these principles in all items of national legislation. Any exception to this would violate the constitutional rules which are higher than the legal ones, with fundamental freedoms included in the Egyptian Constitution. As a result, human rights and fundamental freedoms represent constitutional rules that are superior to other legal norms and enjoy constitutional and judicial protection through the Supreme Constitutional Court, which is empowered to adjudicate on the constitutionality of laws in order to ensure legally binding legislation for all. This is a basic guarantee to ensure that no laws can be passed which are contrary to these founding principles from the legislative authority, in addition to the fact that they are steadfast.. 16