Judiciary are autonomous and cannot be dismissed. These judges have all the guarantees,
rights and duties established for all members of the judiciary. This constitutional immunity has
been confirmed in article 3 of the Military Justice Decree No. 25 of 1966.
14. With regard to the death penalty, the Egyptian legislature has prescribed, like many other
countries, that this punishment should be reserved solely for the most serious crimes, such as
premeditated murder, murder, terrorism, and conspiracy, which the legislature has paid great
attention to, with a view to achieving public and private deterrence. All the criteria contained in
articles 6, 14 and 15 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, including the
need for unanimity of opinion between the members of the Court and the need to take into
account the view of the Mufti of Egypt and the challenge of the prosecution within 60 days.
Article 111 of the Children's Act No. 12 of 1996 also prohibited the death sentence against any
accused person who had not exceeded the age of eighteen by a full calendar year at the time of
the offense. Article 68 of the Prisons Regulation Act No. 396 of 1956 called for a moratorium on
the death penalty against pregnant women until two years after their delivery date. The law also
prohibited the implementation of the death penalty on official holidays, or holidays of the
convict's religion.
In light of the above, Egypt has implemented the twelfth recommendation of the Committee on
the previous report.
Second: economic, social and cultural rights
The provisions of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, in articles 14 to 18 of the
Constitution, stipulate economic, social and cultural rights. The right to property is invoked only
by necessity or public interest, the right to work under equal and satisfactory conditions, and the
right to health, education and family protection, among other rights, are detailed in those texts.
In order to ensure that its citizens enjoy these rights, Egypt has taken the following measures:
1. In response to the aspirations of the Egyptian people expressed in the January 25, 2011 and
June 30, 2013 revolutions, the government adopted a comprehensive economic reform plan
aimed at providing a decent standard of living for all citizens, as reflected in the provisions of the
2014 Constitution. The second and third articles affirmed the need for the State to ensure the
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