270. According to the 2012 Joint Annual Review (RAC), performances were recorded in access by the population in rural communities to high quality sanitation as the rate improved from 26.2% in 2005 to 34.3% in 2011 and this progress is attributable to the PEPAM which caused the rate to increase from 29.6% in 2010 to 34.3% in 2011. But these results disguise the wide disparities in access to quality sanitation, because until now 65.7% of the population in the rural areas still does not have access to quality sanitation as against only 36.7% in the urban centres. 271. A lot of efforts still need to be made to ensure that water and sanitation contribute effectively to the realization of the basic economic, social and cultural rights simply because the financial resources to help speed up the rate of improvement of access indicators are slow in coming. According to the UNDP, the total amount required for Senegal to achieve the MDGs by 2015 in water and sanitation aspects is CFA 677 billion francs, accounting for an average of 67.7 billion CFA francs per year. But since 2005, the Senegalese Government has been contributing to the funding of this sector by 21.6% as against 3.7% for local governments. This gives the impression that the improvement of the health of the population will still take some time to achieve. II. THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION (Article 15) 272. Since the adoption of the Education for All Programme (EFA) in 2000, in the wake of the Ten-year Education and Training Plan (PDEF), significant efforts have been made by the Government of Senegal to enhance the level of education and to develop skills among the population. The main purpose of this new policy is not only to underscore the fact that education is a critical right of the individual and that access, quality and especially its management should be guaranteed by the Senegalese government and it must also be recalled that the missions of education are mostly economic, social and cultural. 273. This explains the choice of the Senegalese authorities to shoulder public education expenditure to the tune of 6% of the gross domestic product (GDP) of Senegal in accordance with the recommendation of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). For example, in 2010, government education expenditure was estimated at CFA 385 billion francs, accounting for almost 6.04% of the GDP of Senegal96. An in-depth study of the budget shows that recurrent budget for the education sector in 2010 accounted for 43.7% of the total recurrent expenditure of the Government (excluding common expenditure and debt servicing) whereas investment 96 See the National Statistical and Demographic Agency, Economic and Social Situation of Senegal in 2011, February 2013, page 95. 61