609- With regard to the period 2015-2017, the amount to be recovered stood at CFAF10,311,011,338.36352 as costs and CFAF116,295,112,398.3353 as damages. The sum of CFAF2,053,955,853354 was restituted355. (Table in APPENDIX 17) Section 5: Right to Peace and Security (Article 23) Rec 28 610- Guaranteeing the right to peace356 and security was an imperative during the period under review especially with regard to the different security challenges including threats to global and internal peace such as attacks by Boko Haram in Far North Region, incursions of armed groups into the borders in East Region resulting from the instability in neighbouring countries and violent upsurges in the crisis in North West and South West Regions referred to above. Actions to guarantee peace and security included not only the internal dimension but also an international dimension (Rec 28). §1: Guaranteeing Peace and Security Nationwide: a multidimensional approach 611- In a bid to guarantee peace and security nationwide and fulfil the obligation of protecting the people, a requirement the ACHRP considers as a results-based obligation357, Cameroon chose a multidimensional approach combining military, security and socioeconomic means with approaches while mobilising international cooperation resources. The actions fell under an amended legal framework that enabled an operational and judicial response while respecting Human Rights. A: Amendment of the Normative Framework 612- At the end of 2014 and following the increasing attacks of Boko Haram, Cameroon consolidated its normative mechanism that had already integrated 12 of the 19 international instruments thereof, by subscribing to African conventions on combating terrorism as referred to above358. Later, Law No. 2014/28 of 23 December 2014 on suppression of acts of terrorism was enacted to internalise the obligation of providing for a criminalization norm and sanctions contained in international and regional norms and resulting from the UN Global CounterTerrorism Strategy359. Law No. 2017/13 of 12 July 2017 to punish offences against civil aviation safety also internalised the 5 conventions adopted under the auspices of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)360. 352 About 15,742,002 Euros. About 177,549,790 euros. 354 About 3.135,810.50 euros. 355 Sums restituted stood at CFAF2,143,769,110 (About 3,272,929,.93 Euros) in 2013 and CFAF253,900,000 (About 387,633.58 Euros) in 2012. 356 Réné Cassin held that Peace is a situation where Human Rights are first of all recognised and then respected. However, it is a pipe dream to believe that Human Rights can be respected in a world where war or the negation of the very existence of man is upheld every day. 357 Communication No. 272/3, Association of victims of Post-electoral violence vs. Cameroon. 358 The Organization of African Unity (OAU) on Prevention and Combating Terrorism adopted on 14 July 1999 in Algiers, ratified by Decree No. 2014/605 of 31 December 2014; the Protocol to the OAU Convention on Prevention and Combating Terrorism adopted on 8 July 2004 in Addis Ababa, ratified by Decree No. 2014/606 of 31 December 2014. 359 The said Strategy was adopted in 2006 as per the UN General Assembly Resolution A/RES/60/288. It is focused on the following aspects: prevention, sanction, respect for Human Rights, and reintegration. 360 Convention on offences and certain other acts committed on board aircrafts known as the Tokyo Convention adopted 14 September 1963. It entered into force on 4 December 1969. Cameroon ratified it on 24 March 1988. Convention for the suppression of unlawful seizure of aircraft known as The Hague Convention adopted on 16 December 1970. It entered into force on 14 October 1971 and Cameroon ratified it on 14 April 1988. Convention for the suppression of unlawful acts against the safety of civil aviation known as the Montreal Convention adopted on 23 September 1971. It entered into force on 26 January 1973, and Cameroon ratified it on 8 June 1992 and its Protocol for the suppression of unlawful acts of violence on board aircrafts serving international civil aviation adopted on 24 February 1988. It entered into force on 6 August 1989, and Cameroon ratified it on 13 March 2003. 101 353