AFRICA’S GOVERNANCE RESPONSE TO COVID-19 | PRELIMINARY REPORT 2020 The results indicate that although a majority of African citizens do not consider as legitimate the quarantine and lockdown measures as reported from a country-average of 62% undertaken in 34 African countries (Figure 3). These quarantines and partial/total lockdowns in Africa countries may have produced positive results in curbing the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic, but the toll is huge on inequality, as it puts pressure on daily livelihoods and access to basic services such as commodity markets, water and toilet facilities. Access to these services requires that citizens leave their houses or compound on a daily and regular basis. economic terms, to guide countries in the phased implementation of these measures. The application of the policy remains experimental and the political ramifications for Africa may be serious if the proportion of the population in favour of lockdowns diminishes due to pressures the policy imposes on livelihoods. Figure 4: Case Study of South Africa South Africa case study (Afrobarometer survey 2020). In South Africa, for example, about half of the citizens do not have piped water (47%) or toilet facilities (51%) in their homes. In fact, 44% of rural dwellers said they must leave their compound to access water. And while people are encouraged to work from home during the lockdown, only 58% enjoy a supply of electricity that works more than half the time. Access to basic services is unequally distributed among different groups. While two in three urban residents (67%) have piped water in their homes, only one in five rural residents (22%) do. A challenge for governance of the epidemic is determining the form and duration that this policy may be applied without a significant rollback in development gains, livelihood and/ or infringement of fundamental human rights. To date no quantitative benchmarks have been established by multilateral institutions, in either public health epidemiological terms or national Figure 5: by socio-demographic group | south africa | 2018 20

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