The SOEMO’s are responsible for ensuring good material and moral conditions of life for minors who are entrusted to them, while maintaining these minors in their normal living environments. Other duties: 473. Article 61: “Every citizen has the duty to protect and safeguard the independence of the country, its sovereignty and the integrity of its national territory, as well as all the attributes of the State. Treason, espionage, defection to the enemy, including all offences committed against the security of the State shall be punished with all the rigor of the law”. 474. Article 62: “Every citizen must loyally discharge his/her obligations toward the national community. The dedication of the citizen to his fatherland and the obligation to contribute to its defence shall be sacred and permanent duties …” 475. Indeed, the citizen is called upon to fulfil a number of obligations to the national community and also to the achievement and promotion of African Unity and this should be done by refraining from certain behaviours or attitudes likely to compromise the security of African States where he is a citizen or resident. 476. The third paragraph of Article 29 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights raises the issue of the obligation of loyalty of the individual to his country or African State in which he/she resides. Loyalty is presented by the fact that the individual must refrain from any behaviour, attitude or hostile act likely to violate or compromise the internal security of African States. 477. In this context, the State intervenes, through its security agencies mainly in two (02) separate ways, namely: 478. In the area of national security in general, through the role assigned to the national mechanism and its security mandates which it exercises in accordance with the laws and regulations of the Republic and the operational organizations of its security agencies. 479. The role of controlling the crossing of the borders and the monitoring of the administrative situation of foreigners transiting or staying in the national territory and also through the organization of the fight against clandestine immigration networks and groups and against activities related to transnational organized crime. EFFORTS MADE BY ALGERIA IN THE TRAINING OF POLICE OFFICERS FROM AFRICAN COUNTRIES 480. In the first place, it should be recalled that human rights are taught in police institutes and specialized training centres of National Security for personnel of all grades and levels. 481. In the area of efforts made by Algeria in the training of police officers from African countries, it should be underscored that Algeria has provided (19) training sessions for one hundred and ninety-four (194) African auditors in various police disciplines and specialized areas. CONCLUSIONS OF THE WORK OF JOINT BORDER COMMISSIONS OINT BORDERTHE WITH AFRICAN COUNTRIES S COMMISSIONS ON ON THECOMMISSIONS ISSUE OF HUMAN RIGHTS WITH AFRICAN 482. In the area of actions towards cooperation with neighbouring African countries, Algeria has, COUNTRIES ON established Bilateral Border Commissions. in collaboration with neighbouring African countries, THE ISSUE OF 77