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Socio-cultural practices, which fetter the growth and self-confidence
of children, are being checked by the passage of the Children's Act
(1998). Among these practices are barter marriages, early bethrotal
of the girl child, FGM, trokosi and cruel and degrading punishment
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The Criminal code (Amendment) Act also provides heavier sanctions
for offences relating to child abuse such a rape and defilement.
The Department of Social Welfare (DSW), in conjunction with the Family
Tribunals, protect the child's right to maintenance. DSW also provides a
regulatory framework for child fostering and placing. It runs children's
homes for parentless children. Furthermore, DSW has set up Child
Survival and Development Committees to sensitze parents and school
children on child survival and development issue.
NGOs play significant role in the realisation of the rights of the child.
In 1995, the Ghana NGO Coalition on the Rights of the child was formed
with a membership comprising about 40 NGOs located in Accra alone.
The coalition's main task is to monitor the implementation of CRC.
Intestate Succession Law (PNDCL 111) protects the child from denial of
his interest in the estate of the deceased parent(s). The law also
provides a safety net for a surviving spouse and his or her children.
The Department of Social welfare (DSW) and the Family Tribunal system
provide protection for children in need of parental care and attention.
The Rights of the Disabled
Persons with physical disability are estimated to be approximately 10% of
the wider population. Roughly 2-5 % of this figure is made up of persons
with visual impairment. The number of persons with various degrees of
mental disability may be equally high. By their sheer numbers, persons
with disability constitute a significant portion of society, and improving
their conditions constitute a major social issue of our time.
Article 29 of the 1992 Constitution protects the disabled from
discrimination and guarantees working and living conditions as close as