274 The objectives set for school in Benin are defined at the article 4 of the law N°2003-17 of November 11, 2003, on the orientation of national education providing that: "School must provide to all, the possibility to grasp the modern world and to transform the environment thanks to national cultural values, endogenous knowledge, skills and interpersonal skills and the universal scientific heritage. It must enable at all the levels, a permanent education and training, favour specialisations through a judicious guidance which takes into account individual capacities and the needs of the Nation. It is opened to all positive and useful innovations and must take into account civic instruction and ethics, education for peace and human rights, population and family life education, environmental education, health and citizenship education and education for development in line with the article 40 of the Constitution". 275 Nowadays, education in Benin is trying out several teaching approaches. Therefore, at the primary and secondary level, new teaching curricula, called competence-based approach has replaced the former curricula in primary education whereas in higher education, the approach of the BMD system (Bachelor-Master-Doctorate) is widely adopted in all the private and public universities. Finally, it should be noted that pre-primary education enjoys a growing interest with a high participation of the private sector. The following table shows the presence of the private sector in pre-primary teaching based on departments. 276 i. Table N°14: Schools and pre-primary education enrolments in 2010 Departments Public schools Private Total s c h o ol s of sc ho ol s Number of pupils % of the number of pupils in private schools Boys Girls Total Atacora 44 7 51 1,910 1,980 3,890 8% Donga 84 3 87 4,379 4,474 8,853 4% Atlantic 129 80 209 6,537 6,558 13,095 21% Littoral 30 116 146 6,614 6,638 13,252 66% Borgou 81 36 117 4,758 4,770 9,528 20% Alibori 33 11 44 2,054 1,991 4,045 11%