recurrent cycles of drought are being taken. Addressing environmental hazards is also an important goal. The considerable effects on food, air and water with impacts on health are also major targets of environmental security. On the other hand, the development which is transforming the way of life is also having deeper consequences. Eritrea is not a major contributor of emissions. Nevertheless, effort is going on to mitigate the growth of emissions from the transport, industrial processes, chemicals and outputs, non-clean energy and air pollution. Hence, strengthening the systemic approach to address the causality relationship of health/environment/climate remains a protracted task. 367. In general, Eritrea has implemented the major aspects of its institutional and legal structure on environment and safety in the last 18 years including the following:- • • • • • • (ii) Land Environment – including the Code of Conduct for Environment Security (1999), Exploitation of mineral sources Acts (108/2000, 109/2000), Land Reform Act (58/94), Regional Administration Act (86/96), etc In Marine Resources – the National Bio-diversity Strategy and Action Plan (2000), Biodiversity Conservation Policy and Project, Eritrea's Coastal Marine and Island Biodiversity Project, CMI Bio-diversity Conservation Policy and Project Administration of water resources - Proclamation 162/2010 which deals on ownership and management of water resource, planning, environment impact assessment, pollution prevention and abatement and water quality control, etc. Environment: The National Action Plan (2001) and the 20 year National Environment Management Plan (1996), National Environment Management Plan (2001), National Action Plan to Combat Desertification (2001), National Bio-diversity Strategy and Action Plan (2000), Management Plan of Riverine Forest of Western Lowlands and the Green Belt Integrated and Sustainable Forest Resource Management Legal Notice No. 117/2010: which is a regulation dealing on the issuance of permit for the importation or exportation of Ozone depleting substances (ODS) and Ozone depleting substances equipment or product On January 26 2017, the Government also issued Proclamation 179/2017 (The Eritrean Environmental Protection, Management and Rehabilitation Framework) and Legal Notice 127/2017 (Environmental Protection and Management Regulations) Environment Security and Fighting Desertification 368. Over exploitation and ecosystem degradation continues to pose serious threat to environmental security and has frayed the natural safety net that healthy ecosystems provide. This poses threats to the health and livelihoods of millions of our people. Land degradation and erratic rainfall also results in 0.5% decline in crop yield every year. Hence, practical measures for sustaining the environment have been expanded and strengthened. The Drought Resilience and Sustainable Livelihoods Programme has strengthened drought resilience and improved the livelihoods of small farmers by achieving food and nutrition Page 95 of 100