Civilian control of the security forces 220. The CRM found out that many stakeholders at its meetings believe that security forces in Tanzania are firmly under civilian control. They point to their non-involvement in politics, proof of which is the country’s relatively unbroken post-independence history of civilian rule, except for the mutiny on the Mainland in 1964, and the coup d’etat in Zanzibar. 221. Nevertheless, most stakeholders say that some of the officials in these forces have abused and violated the human rights of ordinary Tanzanians, and have also carried out extra-judicial killings. To arrest and prevent such abuses and violations, many stakeholders wish to see human rights education extended to the security forces. Special efforts should be made to nurture and vigorously promote smoother relations between them and the general public. There was also a general feeling among the stakeholders that a lot needs to be done for members of security forces involved in such abuses to be held accountable and subject to prosecution. III. Recommendations 222. The APR Panel recommends that the United Republic of Tanzania: • Consider introducing legislation for parliamentary confirmation of ministers, judges, ambassadors, the Chairperson and members of the National Electoral Commission, the Commission on Human Rights and Good Governance, and the Prevention and Combating of Corruption Board; [Ministry of Justice and Constitutional Affairs, Parliament] • Enhance the institutional capacity and independence of democracy-promoting institutions such as CHRAGG, NEC, PCCB, and Registrar of Political Parties [Ministry of Justice and Constitutional Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Parliament] • Vigorously pursue current efforts to eradicate extra-judicial killings and the incidence of mob justice in the country. Those suspected of complicity should be expeditiously prosecuted; [Ministry of Justice and Constitutional Affairs, Judiciary] • Implement a sustained civic education programme and human rights awareness campaign for the Police, security services, related services, and the population as a whole, to guide them towards more respect and protection for the human rights of people living in Tanzania; [Ministry of Justice and Constitutional Affairs, CHRAGG] • Expeditiously enact the Freedom of Information and Media Services Bill; [Ministry of Information, Youth, Culture and Sports; Parliament] • Repeal legislation ousting the courts from jurisdiction over results declared by NEC, and undertake a comprehensive review of the electoral law and related legislation on competitive party and electoral politics to strengthen and advance multi-party politics; [Ministry of Justice and Constitutional Affairs, Parliament, Political Parties, NEC, Registrar of Political Parties, CHRAGG, CSOs] • Review the current First-Past-the-Post electoral system so as to modify it with some element of the Proportionality System. This would have the effect of broadening and diversifying parliamentary representation and generally improve governance; [Government, Parliament] • Develop and enhance local authority capacity to levy taxes and raise revenue [Government, Parliament]; and, • Extend the logic and principle of devolution to regional levels by making it a level of government and elect administration officials. [Government, Parliament] 63