term socio-economic development. It was implemented on the basis of human-centred development for poverty reduction by 2025. 852. Building on this plan, the government inaugurated a National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP I) known in Kiswahili as Mpango wa Kukuza Uchumi na Kuondoa Umaskini Tanzania (MKUKUTA I)) for the period 2005/06 to 2009/10. The Strategy aimed at promoting high and shared growth, high quality livelihoods, peace, stability and unity, good governance, high quality education, and international competitiveness. This Strategy has since been replaced by NSGRP II (MKUKUTA II) which covers the period 2010/11 – 2014/15 853. Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs), local authorities and other stakeholders implemented interventions as outlined in these plans and strategies in order to improve livelihoods. This process gave rise to commendable positive results leading to eight consecutive years of GDP growth rates in excess of 6 per cent. But for a very severe drought and the global financial and economic crisis, these growth rates might have been even higher. Furthermore, tremendous strides were made in access to education. Net primary enrolment increased from 59 per cent in 2000 to 87 per cent in 2008, and secondary net enrolment jumped from 6 per cent in 2002 to 30.8 per cent in 2010129. 854. However, at a more fundamental level, the high GDP growth rates have not had a commensurate impact on rural poverty reduction due, mostly, to relatively slow agricultural sector growth rates. The MDGs relating to eradication of extreme poverty, improvement of maternal mortality rates, and provision of improved drinking water sources to rural population may not be achieved130 by the target date of 2015. Generally, the country is experiencing a serious policy implementation problem; wide disparities in terms of access to quality education between regions; rural and urban; rich and poor; and, private and public schools. Tanzania also experiences frequent land disputes and insecurity of land tenure. 6.2 Standards and Codes l. Summary of the CSAR 855. The CSAR identifies standards and codes relevant for the assessment of the socio-economic thematic as illustrated in Table 6.1. The presentation in the CSAR shows that the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania (URT) adopted, signed and ratified a number of those standards and codes. 856. The CSAR notes that in Tanzania, international treaties and conventions are not self-executing and that domestication may occur in a number of ways. One way is to directly incorporate the treaty provision into domestic law by giving it force of law, whether in whole or a specific provision of the same. Another way is to incorporate the treaty by enacting the same as a domestic law, as was done in the case of the Treaty for the Establishment of East African Community enacted as Act No. 4 of 2001 of the Laws of Tanzania. 857. The CSAR undertakes a thorough discussion of the processes towards ratification and domestication of the standards and codes, most relevant to the governance indicators for this thematic area. Indeed, the report indicates that Government adopted policies and legislative measures to ensure the attainment of NEPAD objectives. Programmes and various initiatives in priority sectors such as water, energy, ICT, agriculture and food security, human development, and the environment were designed and are at varying stages of implementation. 858. The CSAR indicates that on 31 May 1982, Tanzania become a signatory to the Right to Development in the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights including the Protocol on the Rights of Women in Africa, subsequently ratifying the Convention on 18 February 1984. The implementation of the Charter, in particular the provision relating to the Right to Development, is demonstrated by the incorporation of a peoples’-focused right in the Constitution. 859. The CSAR notes that the 1990 African Charter for Popular Participation in Development and Transformation was adopted by the Economic Commission for Africa on 19 May 1990. Consequent to adoption, Tanzania supported 129 130 CSAR, p. 402. Tanzania Country Report on the Millennium Development Goals 2010, p.vii, Dar es Salaam, 26 September 2011.. 172