independent from Mainland Tanzania. These, among other concerns, bring to focus the possibility of implementing policy frameworks that are not sufficienty synergised and which could adversely affect development results. 623. Overall, and notwithstanding the commonality of findings for both Mainland and Zanzibar, the CRM further concludes that the paucity of manpower is a more binding constraint in Zanzibar. In addition, attaining the Tanzania Statistical Master goals, within the stipulated time frame, appears to be the biggest challenge. III. Recommendations 624. The APR Panel recommends that the United Republic of Tanzania: • Continue implementing stated financial sector reform policies but in a more coordinated and sequenced manner; [Planning Commission, Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs] • Continue strengthening all aspects of revenue administration, especially fiscal forecasting and the Integrated Financial Management System operations; [Ministry of Finance, TRA] • Develop and implement a policy framework targeted at enhancing the penetration and affordability of financial services outside the main cities; [Bank of Tanzania/Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs] • Establish clearly-defined and time-bound activity and performance milestones for those implementing the various aspects of the reform policies, as specified in the PoA; [Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, NGC, Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs] • Enhance programmed civic education activities for building capacities to question government expenditure at the grassroots; [Local Government Authorities (Ministry responsible), Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs, CHRAGG, CSOs,] and, • Zanzibar should embark on a more aggressive and coordinated manpower development programmes, which would alleviate internal human capacity constraints. [Zanzibar Ministry of Education (Manpower Development), Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs] Objective 4: Fight Corruption and Money Laundering Summary of the CSAR 625. Tanzania strengthened the Legal and Institutional Framework to combat corruption by enacting the Prevention and Combating Corruption Act in 2007. This was preceded by Tanzania ratifying three important multilateral and international instruments relevant to preventing and combating corruption, namely: the Southern African Development Community (SADC) 2001 Protocol against Corruption; the 2003 African Union Convention on Prevention and Combating Corruption; and, the 2003 UN Convention against Corruption, which came into force on 14 December 2005. In addition, Parliament passed the 2000 Economic and Organized Crimes Control Act; the 2006 Anti-Money Laundering Act; the Public Finance Act, cap. 348; and, the 2004 Public Procurement Act. 626. The CSAR notes that Tanzania implemented many programmes that include strengthening the Anti-Corruption Bureau, increasing incentives for civil servants, increasing transparency, and introducing a competitive climate on the job. The country also reported having taken steps to deal effectively with money laundering. The most significant of these was enactment of the 2006 Anti-money Laundering Act. 627. The CSAR states that although there were positive developments in the war against corruption, several weaknesses in the fight against these vices are still observed. These include: weak transparency in contracts of national interest; limited awareness of the adverse impact of corruption and money laundering; an overweening monopoly of power on the part of public servants; the growing problem of money laundering and drug trafficking; an lack of PCCB independence; and excessive use of cash transactions making Tanzania vulnerable and susceptible to money laundering. 628. The CSAR notes that while it is widely acknowledged that money laundering does exist in Tanzania, it is difficult 130