515. Neither in the list of Standards and Codes in the CSAR nor in the list provided by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is there any information on the implementation of the Standards and Codes signed, ratified, and domesticated. The issue of implementation is taken up in other CSAR sections dealing with the five economic governance and management objectives. However, this treatment lacks depth and comprehensiveness. The extent to which these Standards and Codes are being implemented are addressed in the CSAR, but the assessment is based only on the results of the expert survey. These show that 74.5 per cent of experts in Mainland Tanzania and 86.7 per cent of those in Zanzibar are of the opinion that Tanzania is putting moderate to fair efforts into implementing these Standards and Codes. Obstacles to effective implementation of these Standards and Codes include limited capacity, inadequate institutional communication, and limited awareness among top officials. Steps being taken to remove these obstacles are training of officials, using more information technology, and strengthening internal management systems. 516. Another gap identified by the CRM resides in the implications arising from the fact that some Standards and Codes subscribed to by Tanzania do not apply to Zanzibar. As indicated above, they touch on vital and sensitive issues such as fiscal transparency, public debt management, auditing principles, budget transparency, and corporate governance. As members of a Union Government, convergence, if not similarity of policies, rules and regulations in these areas are essential if both entities are to be considered a single economic union by investors and other economic agents. 517. Another issue of concern is poor coordination effort between the Union Government and Zanzibar to ensure that Standards and Codes subscribed to in areas that fall outside Union matters are acceptable to Zanzibar. This would minimise any likelihood that Zanzibar would refuse to accept and apply these Standards and Codes and adopt different ones that may impact negatively on a common economic union. In meetings with stakeholders, the CRM was informed by officials that there were consultations between Union officials and Zanzibar authorities before the Union Government decides to sign Standards and Codes. It is however not clear how effective this process is. 518. The CRM notes the effort made by Tanzania to ratify and domesticate a wide range of Standards and Codes bearing on promoting good economic governance and management. Government faces the challengs of going beyond adoption, ratification, and domestication to effective and vigorous implementation. Improvements are also called for in measures to ensure that Zanzibar is fully associated, in a formal and institutionalised setting, with all efforts relating to the adoption, ratification and domestication of Standards and Codes so that they fully buy in to this process. lll. Recommendations 519. The APR Panel recommends that: • 4.3 Formalise and institutionalize the process of consultation between Zanzibar and the Union Government prior to the adoption of the Standards and Codes [Office of the Presidency, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation] Assessment of performance of APRM objectives Objective 1: Promote Macroeconomic Policies that Support Sustainable Development l. Summary of the CSAR 520. The CSAR addresses the promotion of macroeconomic policies for sustainable development. The themes examined are policy documents steering the development agenda; economic performance overview from 2006 and 2010; key macroeconomic indicators; sectoral policies, reforms and initiatives underpinning economic growth and private sector development; measures to improve the planning process and strengthen monitoring 113