presented on their performance and capacities. Recommendations aimed at strengthening these institutions and heightening the fight against corruption are made. 511. Accelerating the process of regional integration is one of the strategies that the Government of Tanzania adopted as a vehicle to attain national development aspirations. Tanzania’s participation in both the East African Community (EAC) and the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) is a vector for potential economic benefits, including the potential for increased trade and investment flows through the elimination of both tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade. However, many challenges have been identified and these will need to be addressed if the country is to garner maximum benefits from integration. The low level of competitiveness, the absence of adequate productive capacity, challenges accessing finance, and the poor state of infrastructure are but a few. The general lack of information among ordinary Tanzanians about the business opportunities available to them remains a major problem that needs to be addressed. The ongoing process of creating a Free Trade Area among EAC, SADC and the Common Market of Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) has brought a new dimension to the whole debate about the opportunities and challenges of integration. These issues are explored and a set of recommendations made on the way forward. 4.2 Standards and codes l. Summary of the CSAR 512. Signing, ratifying and adopting Standards and Codes are the responsibilities of the Union Government. The CSAR lists 18 Standards and Codes that were adopted and ratified, together with the date of ratification or accession to these Standards and Codes, the national legislation adopted to domesticate them, and the key institutions responsible for their implementation. These Standards and Codes deal with a wide variety of subjects, such as membership in the African Union and the African Economic Community; regional organisations such as the East African Community (EAC) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC); codes and guidelines on fiscal transparency, monetary and financial affairs, corporate governance, insurance supervision and regulations, banking supervision, payment systems, government finance statistics and public debt management; international standards in accounting; and, fighting corruption. Most of these Standards and Codes are characterized as declarations rather than legal documents and do not therefore require ratification. Thirteen of the 18 Standards and Codes listed are characterised in this manner. However, all the Standards and Codes listed have been domesticated through national legislation. These legislation and the key institutions responsible for their implementation were highlighted. 513. The CSAR notes that as part of the United Republic of Tanzania, Zanzibar automatically ratifies, complies with, and implements all Standards and Codes subscribed to by the Union Government, except when these deal with matters that do not fall under the competence of the Union Government. In such situations, the Government of Zanzibar decides which Standards and Codes it will abide by. Codes and Standards that were not being followed by Zanzibar are the Code of Good practices on Fiscal Transparency; the Guidelines for Public Debt Management; International Standards in Auditing Principles for Payments Systems; Best practices for Budget Transparency; and Principles of Corporate Governance. ll. Findings of the CRM 514. The list of Standards and Codes signed, ratified, and domesticated by Tanzania contained in the CSAR is different from the one made available to the CRM by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. A major difference is that the Standards and Codes listed in the CSAR are mostly of recent origin and only date back to the beginning of the twenty-first century, whereas the list obtained from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs goes back to the 1960s. Thus, the ministry list is far more comprehensive. However, the list from the ministry provides data only on the instrument, date of signature, date of ratification and responsible institution, with no information on legislation and other measures taken to domesticate these Standards and Codes. 112