P a g e | 31 Further, more awareness raising on what is appropriate chastisement is needed. The Situational Analysis of VC in 2011 presented these findings: All caregivers were asked whether any child had been disciplined for any behavioural problems in the three months prior to the survey. This affected 9.2% of all children who had been hit or shaken in response to a perceived behavioural problem. In the majority of these cases, an implement was used (75.1%), with the child hit on the bottom (40%), hand/arm/leg (26.8%), or face/head/ears (6.8%). In 15.4% of all cases, a bruise or other mark was left on the child due to the punishment. This means that a total of 1.4% of all children had been physically punished to such an extent that it left a mark. In a separate section of the questionnaire, in households where there was at least one child aged 12-17 years, the children themselves were asked whether physical discipline was necessary to raise a child. A total of 40.8% of the children agreed with the statement. Of these children, 14.3% said that they had been called a name or called stupid in the three months before the survey. This analysis stems from the data on the following page, collected for the Situational Analysis of VC in 2011: