96 Afulukwe-Eruchalu and Durojaye/Maternal mortality in Africa injuries and death but to simultaneously prevent future occurrences through health system-wide reforms.77 Ensuring redress for victims requires investigating violations, prosecuting perpetrators and providing reparation including compensation.78 Though there are recent and ongoing efforts to secure this type of accountability for maternal deaths and injuries through the judicial system in a few African countries,79 successful implementation of systemic changes to the health systems of African countries, a second component of what it means to ensure accountability, is yet to be attained. 3.2 Resolution 15/17 and the second report of the OHCHR The findings and recommendations in the OHCHR study directly contributed to the adoption of a second resolution which sustained the momentum that was generated by the first. In 2010, the Human Rights Council adopted resolution 15/17, a second resolution on maternal mortality, in which it reaffirmed resolution 11/8 and welcomed recent maternal mortality-reduction initiatives, including in Africa.80 These initiatives include the convening of the summit of the African Union in Kampala in July 2010 on ‘Maternal, infant and child health and development in Africa’, the launch of CARMMA and the ‘Africa cares: no woman should die while giving life’ campaign.81 The Human Rights Council urged states to adopt the recommendations in the OHCHR study, discussed above, including collecting disaggregated data,82 redoubling efforts to fulfil relevant rights obligations, and allocating adequate resources to the health sector.83 In the resolution, the Council also mandated OHCHR to invite states, UN and regional bodies, NHRIs, civil society organisations and other stakeholders to submit information on instances of good or effective practices that exemplify the adoption of a human rights-based approach to eliminating avoidable maternal deaths and injuries.84 It 77 As above, 18. As above, 18-20. 79 For a detailed discussion on this see O, Afulukwe-Eruchalu ‘Accountability for nonfulfilment of human rights obligations: a key strategy for reducing maternal mortality and morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa; in C Ngwena and E Durojaye (eds) Strengthening the protection of sexual and reproductive health and rights in the African region through human rights (2014) 119-151; see also O Afulukwe-Eruchalu ‘Accountability for maternal healthcare services in Nigeria’ (2017) 137 International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 220-226. 80 Preventable maternal mortality and morbidity and human rights: follow-up to Council resolution 11/8. A/HRC/15/L.27 https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/ UNDOC/GEN/G10/167/35/PDF/G1016735.pdf?OpenElement (accessed 14 July 2017). 81 As above. 82 As above, para 3. 83 As above, para 5. For a detailed discussion of the role of NGOs and NHRIs in addressing preventable maternal mortality and morbidity see Afulukwe-Eruchal (n 79 above). 84 As above, para 9. 78