not go on to get the third dose – were 8% for DPT and 12% for polio. The proportion of children vaccinated against measles was 85%. 44. An analysis of the data for the specific MKUKUTA indicator shows the same upward trend in coverage. Figure 38 shows the trend since 2001 in DPT-Hb3 coverage among children aged 12 months. The coverage reached a peak of 94% for all three doses. However, this was followed by a steady decline to 83% by 2007. Coverage rates stabilised around 85% in 2008 and 2009, prior to a sharp increase in coverage to about 91% in 2010.24. 45. Factors that have contributed to the recent increase in coverage include the implementation of the Reaching Every Child (REC) strategy, which helped in reaching children who had missed out on vaccination, and strengthened supportive supervision of the EPI at district level with close supervision of poor performing districts. The drop in previous years was due to the introduction of integrated health services, which transferred responsibility for the EPI to councils. EPI became one of many competing priorities and was not given the attention it deserved. 46. The MKUKUTA target of reaching 85% DPT-Hb3 vaccination coverage has been reached, and, overall, Tanzania is performing much better in immunisation coverage compared to its neighbours in the region. However, greater coverage could be achieved if regions with low coverage were targeted. As such, the State Party has undertaken follow ups on the - RCH roadmap (MTSP - 2013/14 to 2015/2016; - PER 2014) to actualize this aspect. Challenges 46A. The State Party faces a number of challenges in its endeavours to ensure adequate child survival and development, including: (a) (b) (c) (d) maternal death which limit right to life; infant mortality; lack of qualified medical practitioners to handle maternal cases; and insufficient staff. (d) Respect for the views of the child (Article 7) and Provision of information to children and promotion of their participation (Article 4, 7 and 12) 47. The State Party has retained its constitutional guarantee of the right to freedom of expression in its two Constitutions: that is, Article 18 of the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania and in the Zanzibar Constitution. The foregoing constitutional guarantee of the principle to respect the views of the people and has also been translated into statutory obligation by the State Party. In this context, the Zanzibar Children’s Act (2011), in section 5, requires the State Party to ensure that ‘views expressed by the child may be given due consideration.’ In terms of section 11 of the Law of the Child Act (2009), a child has the ‘right of opinion and no person shall deprive a child capable of forming views the right to express an opinion, to be listened to and to participate in decisions which affect his well-being.’ 48. The State Party has developed guideline for Establishing Junior Councils (2010) from National to Village level. The Guideline has been used to establish Junior Councils in 17 Regions and in 122 District Councils, which are represented in the National Junior Council. Representation in these councils comes from different groups of children in the State Party, including children with albinism; children from marginalized sections of society; children with disabilities; children attending and those not attending schools. The State Party has also ensured that every primary school and secondary school has a children’s clubs. During the reporting period, the State Party has established 127 live Human Rights clubs in Secondary Schools in 9 Regions of Tanzania Mainland. 49. A Child Participation Toolkit 2011 and the National Plan of Action for Child Participation 2014 have been developed to strengthen child participation strategies and resource mobilization in Tanzania. 19