The Ministry of Mining is also working with cooperative associations that are working on mining activities. Due to the establishment of a legal framework for artisanal mineral production and transactions, the number of organized artisans and their role in the market has significantly increased. In 2012/13 75 new Artisanal Miners‟ Cooperative Associations were established. This has increased the number of Cooperative Associations to 553. These include 38,618 male and 20,029 female and a total of 58,647 members. In effect, this enabled the community where resources are located to benefit from mining activities in that locality. THE RIGHT TO ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT (ARTICLE 22) Constitutional Guarantee The FDRE Constitution clearly stipulates that all the Nations, Nationalities and Peoples of Ethiopia, have the right to improved living standards and to sustainable development. Beyond the Government‟s duty to hold, on behalf of the people, land and other natural resources and to deploy them for their common benefit and development, the Government is also required at all times to promote the participation of the people in the formulation of national development policies and implementation programs. It also has the duty to support the initiatives of the people in their development endeavors. The right to development, which is recognized in the ACHPR, is also incorporated in the FDRE Constitution. In this context, the right to development is not merely about economic or social development; rather it is both an independent right and one that is intrinsically linked to the full enjoyment of the range of human rights with social, cultural, political and economic dimensions. Administrative Measures The Government has demonstrated its commitment to the realization of economic, social and cultural rights in Ethiopia by passing legislation, engaging in education campaigns and by forging partnerships with relevant stakeholders. The laws aimed at improving the social, economic and cultural rights of the people include the Public Servants‟ Pension Proclamation, the Private Organization Employees‟ Pension Proclamation and the Social Health Insurance Proclamation. 115