system of experiential knowledge significantly reduce the opportunities of access to technical and vocational education. 335. Concerning quality, it is worth noting that the formal system is unable to develop qualified teachers, coupled with the non-existence of a training mechanism. In addition, recruited teachers do not actually receive any further pedagogical development. The quality of training also remains a constraint due to the system’s inability to renew its equipment. 336. In the non-formal system, the low level of training of master craftsmen, who sometimes cannot read nor write, limits their ability to provide the minimum theoretical knowledge required by the regulation. Furthermore, training opportunities and refresher courses for them are non-existent. The quality monitoring mechanism in the formal system also lacks learning advisors. 337. Concerning management and partnership, the system faces significant difficulties in providing statistics in the formal system. In the non-formal system, these activities are almost non-existent. The public-private partnership charter is not operational and the effective involvement of training professionals is difficult to implement because of the large difference in earnings between training activities and competing business activities. The charter must necessarily be developed by a strong private sector participation as envisaged by the support programmes of the French Development Agency (AFD) and the German Cooperation (GIZ and KFW). 338. Mechanisms for managing the structures of the TVET training system in a partnership framework remain non-existent (Management Advisory Committee, TVET Regional Councils). In addition, the supervision of the centres’ activities in the regions is bedevilled with inadequate decentralized departments. V – HIGHER EDUCATION 339. Higher Education Support Fund Establishment Project:: it is a public interest and public utility administrative entity with legal personality tasked to mobilise financial resources to fund scholarships by offering post-Baccalaureat loans and managing the scholarships award scheme and the loan recovery process. 340. The number of students in the two public universities of the country has in recent years seen a dramatic rise. The number rose from 52,731 to 56,361 between 2013 and 2014 and between 2014 and 2015. 103

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