APRM • SECOND COUNTRY REVIEW REPORT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA regarding: freedom of expression and of the media; right to a fair trial, the right to bail, the right to stay silent i.e. fair trial and rights of refugees. 133. The Kenya National Human Rights Commission reported on the profiling of Kenyan Somalis and Muslims and subsequent arbitrary arrests, harassment, extortion, forcible relocation and expulsion under since Operation Usalama watch in 20143. The KNCHR findings resonate with some of the major complaints raised in the frontier counties around the harassment of suspects and their relatives, disappearances of youth, human rights defenders and suspects. The CRT was unable to establish whether in some instances the disappearances of youths was at the hands of security forces or whether the youth are disappearing to be recruited by religious extremists for radicalization, as both issues were raised. In many instance members of those affected communities’ cited unlawful detention of those arrested beyond the constitutional timelines. 133. Government has laid emphasis on citizen-community participation in security management since terrorists tend to reside and conceal themselves in communal settings. The Nyumba Kumi Community policing initiative in Kenya is buttressed by the National Police Service Act and is potentially a viable community strategy in security management, crime and violence prevention. However, there has been a tendency for communities to leave these matters solely to the police. The transboundary nature and activities of organised crime also poses a challenge for community based policing. 134. Freedom of information and expression: Freedom of information is guaranteed in the Constitution although certain forms are proscribed, including hate speech and inciting violence. The media in Kenya is vibrant as manifested in the existence of diverse print and electronic media. There are several media houses operating publications radio and television stations simultaneously and some media houses have a regional outreach in East Africa. 135. In terms of electronic media, there are 126 Commercial Radio stations, 39 Community radio stations, two Broadcast Signal Distributors, six Cable TV stations, 53 Commercial TV stations, one Community TV station, one IPTV, and two Lending Rights licensees. There is one Satellite TV, one Subscription Management Service, and one Terrestrial Subscription Broadcast. Kenya National Human on Rights Commission ‘A country under siege: The state of security in Kenya- an occasional report (2010 – 2014)’ 3 | 93 |