APRM • SECOND COUNTRY REVIEW REPORT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA Table 4: Summary of major displacement statistics Cause of displacement Year Population affected Source 2011 100,000 persons Kenya Red Cross Society Forest evictions 2002-2009 7,527 families Government of Kenya Post-election violence 2007/2008 600,000 persons Government of Kenya Flooding, cattle rustling, development projects 1997-2007 300,000 persons UNOCHA Political violence 1997-2007 380,000 persons UNOCHA Floods 2011 Political violence 1992-1993 300,000 persons Source: Kenya National Human Rights Commission 2011 UNDP, IDMC, KHRC 260. According to Red Cross estimates in January 2008, there were 331 spontaneous IDP sites located in the Rift Valley, Western, Nyanza and Nairobi Provinces.36 These figures presented serious challenges for government and required medium to long-term resource and policy measures. By 2010 all IDPszzzvz camps relating to victims of the post-election violence of 2008 had closed. Challenges arose from the integration of IDPs into other communities outside of designated areas and camps; without effective determination of their numbers for planning and programming purposes, these IDPs live in difficult circumstances. Concerns around the registration and vetting process of claimants as well as delays in vetting and resettling IDPs have been a source of discontent. In the 2015/2016 financial year, the government allocated Ksh 1.2 billion to cater for final resettlement of IDPs and to provide social protection for the displaced persons categorized as ‘disadvantaged’. 261. Even as old IDP issues are being resolved, new ones arise. Between 2009 and 2010, efforts by government in Northern Kenya to disarm pastoralist communities and defuse clashes between various ethnic communities saw more waves of displacement occur. Settler communities in the Mau East and West forest were evicted in 2009 to protect one of the five water towers and to prevent environmental degradation; however some communities faced challenges with resettlement, as these had been their ancestral homes. At the time of the review, Kenya was facing a severe drought that had affected pastoralist communities in the arid and semi-arid land, causing some nomadic communities to relocate. A conflict arose between Borana and Gabra communities of Moyale in 2011-2012 resulting in more than 10,000 IDPs. These are some examples of the complex problems continually resulting in IDPs in Kenya. 262. Government has made several efforts to respond to the plight of IDPs. The Prevention, Protection and Assistance to Internally Displaced Persons and Affected Communities Act No. 56 of 2012 is a rights based responsive law that goes beyond individual needs and assistance to collective groups. The Community Land Bill, 2013 seeks to promote recognition, protection, management and administration of community land and to guide the county governments’ powers in relation to unregistered community land. The Evictions and Resettlement Bill 2014 intends to provide procedures for evictions of unauthorized occupants from private or public land and the resettlement of displaced persons that involuntary displaced. 36 UNHCR Supplementary Appeal for Internally Displaced Persons in Kenya 2008 | 127 |