Mapping Children on the Move within Africa
number of children on the move continue to be invisible to official immigration and displacement
statistics.’505
For instance, in its Concluding Observations of the review of South Africa in 2016, the UN
Committee on the Rights of the Child expressed its concern over “the lack of accurate and
disaggregated data on migrant, asylum-seeking and refugee children, including those who
are unaccompanied and/or undocumented, as well as on child victims of trafficking”. 506 Such
observation could be said about the majority of countries as demonstrated by the data collection
challenges of this study. Where available, data is scattered. Within the AU family, there is no
systematic way of recording such data.
6.4 Policy blind-spots
One of the key points emerging from the analysis of the scope of movement of children
shows that most of them move within the borders of the continent. Children move because they
are forced (refugees, internal displacements) or to seek opportunities, desired or not (e.g. while
some move in pursuit of education of economic opportunities, others may move because of the
choice of their parents for instance to delegate their upbringing to a relative within or outside the
country).
Yet, efforts aimed at children on the move often focus on forced movement leaving child
protection in the situation where the child has a choice as a policy blind spot. Acknowledging the
different reasons why children move could have important implications on policy choices.
One size-fits-all approach cannot address all the nuances and specific patterns of children’s
movement within the African Continent. Various factors that drive movement of children within
the continent should be taken into account in trying to understand and addressing challenges
that children on the move in Africa face. Their profiles, needs, age, sex, nationality, religion,
ethnicity, their accompanied or unaccompanied status are important to take into consideration
while enacting laws, policies and programmes on mobility of children in Africa.
Also, the one size-fits-all approach may fail to take into consideration the best interests of
children in different circumstances. As pointed out above, in General Comment No. 14 the
Committee on the Rights of the Child also notes that child’s best interest should be undertaken
in each individual case, in view of specific circumstances of the child. The circumstances relate
to among others, sex, age, belonging to a minority group and disability.507 The implementation
of the best interests principle in movement-related measures, calls for specific and systematic
505. As above.
506. UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Concluding observations on the second periodic
report of South Africa. CRC/C/ZAF/CO/2. 27 October 2016. Pg 19.
<http://www.refworld.org/publisher,CRC,,ZAF,587ce86b4,0.html>.
507.
Para 48.
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