ACERWC African Committee of Experts on the Rights & Welfare of the Child children who travelled through the CMR have suffered from some form of exploitation (e.g. sexual, forced labor, etc.).413 This is particularly the case of children who rely on smugglers. Children on the move have also been subject to forced and unpaid labor. As most of them are prevented from working legally, some tend to be trapped in exploitative work situations to raise money which they can send back to their families or use to travel further. 49% of male minors surveyed in 2017 by IOM using the CMR have reported not having been paid for work they have done. Such situations were reported in Libya (89%), Algeria (6%), Niger (1%).414 38% reported having been forced to work with situations occurring in Libya (97%).415 Children on the move are in certain instances trafficked or are potential victims of child trafficking. The risk of being trafficked is even higher for unaccompanied children. Children are trafficked for a number of reasons, primarily for sexual exploitation416 and adoption417. Where active armed groups are active, male displaced children are also at risk of being recruited. Some of the children face grave situations in the event that they lack documentation from the state of origin.418 Below is the story of Ann and Precious as narrated by UNODC. The story gives a pointer into the challenge of trafficking that many children on the move face.419 28 January 2015 - A few years ago, Anna*, now aged 24, and her friend Precious*, now 19, were brought from Nigeria to Okah, in northern Côte d’Ivoire, under the pretence of attractive jobs. With difficult living conditions back home, the choice of moving for a better life, earning some money and studying further was a seemingly easy one. The opportunity, however, was not as innocent as it seemed and Anna and Precious soon found themselves being trafficked. For over seven days, and under terrible conditions, the traffickers moved Anna and Precious illegally across several national borders. Arriving at their destination, the two friends were forced to have sex with multiple men in order to pay a $2,600 travel expense ‘debt’ for their trip to Côte d’Ivoire. Having no choice, the girls had sex with at least 11 men each night for as little as $2 per client over a period of two years. In October 2013, UNODC was contacted by the United Nations Police (UNPOL) in Côte d’Ivoire about a suspected case of human trafficking.There were previous reports of girls and women being sexually exploited around the mining fields in the north of the country. Anna and Precious managed to meet a UNPOL officer after escaping from the traffickers and were taken to safety. “I could not imagine how one human being could exploit another as we were,” Precious recounted. “We were used as a money machine.” After Anna and Precious escaped, the traffickers were caught and eventually sentenced to five years in prison for their crimes, as well as fined $2,000. After the trial, the two friends were first taken to a shelter in the city of Abidjan in Côte d’Ivoire, and then repatriated to Nigeria with the support of UNODC and its partners. Currently, they are in a social reintegration programme supported by a regional NGO network in West Africa to help them restart their lives. * Note: The names of the victims have been changed to protect their identities. 413 United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) & International Organization for Migration (IOM). 2017. Harrowing Journeys: Children and youth on the move across the Mediterranean Sea, at risk of trafficking and exploitation. New York: UNICEF. P8. Exploitation in the survey included questions such as: ‘have you been forced to work or perform other activities against your will’, ‘have you worked without being paid the agreed-upon wage’, etc. 414 International Organization for Migration (IOM). 2017. Flow Monitoring Surveys: The Human Trafficking and Other Exploitative Practices Indication Survey. P4 415 As above 416 As above. 417 Huffington Post. 2014. American Implicated in Congo Child-smuggling Ring. Last accessed: 18 June 2018. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/erin-siegal/american-implicated-in-co_b_5857042.html 418 Progress Report of the Human Rights Council Advisory Committee, Global Issue of Unaccompanied migrant children and adolescents and human rights A/HRC/33/53 16 August 2016 para 59. 419 UNODCC, Tackling human trafficking in West Africa: UNODC and the story of Anna and Precious <http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/frontpage/2015/January/tackling-human-trafficking-in-west-africa _-unodc-and-the-story-of-anna-and-precious.html> (accessed on 19 June 2018). 76