Mapping Children on the Move within Africa to 92 per cent in 2016”.321 The figures were similar in the course of 2017. Most children came from Eritrea, the Gambia, Nigeria, Egypt and Guinea.322 In the recent past Egypt has become a transit country for people moving to Europe. This has been observed since 2016 following the crossing of the Mediterranean Sea by irregular migrants and asylum seekers from Egypt.323 This is attributable to the deteriorating security situation in Libya and the challenges of migrating to Israel.324 Map 3: Northern-Western Route 325 4.1.2 The Sinai Route/Northern Route This route starts from the East and Horn of Africa through Sudan and Egypt into Israel. Israel was particularly a major destination for Eritrean migrants.326 From 2012 the number of people moving using the route has been on the decline to an extent that it is almost inoperative.327 This is attributable to restrictive policies and measures that both Israel and Egypt have put in place such as tough border controls and the construction of a fence along the Sinai-Israeli border as well as establishment of a center for detention.328 Due to the restrictive measures taken by Israel 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 UNICEF. May 2017. A child is a child: Protecting children on the move from violence, abuse and exploitation. p11 As above. Marchand (n 312 above) p 25. As above. As above. GIZ et al, irregular Migration from and in the East and Horn of Africa (2016) p 30 As above. As above. 61