8 In rural communities (in %) 63n70 73,90 9 Proportion of malnutrition among children under the age of 5 (in %) 38 18.9 10 Rate of infant mortality (per every 1.000 live births) 96 95.8 11 Rate of child mortality (per every 1.000 live births) 12 Rate of infant and child mortality (per every 1.000 live births) 191 178.9 (2008) 13 Rate of maternal mortality (per every 100.000 live births) 464 460 (2009) 14 Gross enrolment rate (GER) in primary schools (in %) 74,4 83,4 15 Girls (in %) 65,6 74,9 16 Boys (in %) 89,1 92,2 101 (2009) 341. The 2012 – 2017 Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategic Framework envisages a Mali that is emergent and has a better quality of life for all. The right of peoples to peace and international security (Article 23) 342. In spite of the various challenges currently confronting the State, the aspiration to live in a secure environment is a constant concern of the Malian people. That is the reason why Mali is resolutely committed to the fight against terrorism and banditry in all its forms. 343. It is within this context that Algeria, Mali, Mauritania and Niger have together established a Joint Military Staff Operational Committee (CEMOC) within the framework of the fight against terrorism and transnational organised crime. 344. This Committee, established in April 2010 is based in Tamanrasset (Algeria), within the framework of strengthening military and security cooperation relations among the member countries. 345. Mali enjoys very good relations with all neighbouring countries. Thus, military cooperation relations link Mali with almost all these countries, particularly Algeria, Niger, Burkina Faso, Republic of Guinea and Mauritania. 346. In essence, these agreements are designed to strengthen military relations among countries without posing any threat to any third country. They allow, as the case may be, to grant facilities for the transit of military hardware, training of interns in any one of the countries or even the organisation of joint patrols in the territories of the countries concerned. 69