According to a 2010 study by the World Bank, in the decade to 2020 Africa would need to commit some $93.3bn annually to bridge its infrastructure gap. Of this sum, $40.8bn would be needed for electricity, $9bn for Information and Communications Technology (ICT), $3.4bn for irrigation, $18.2bn for transport, and $21.9bn for water and sanitation. 135 Figure 4: Estimated funding needs for African infrastructure, 2010 ($ billion) 21.9 Electricity 40.8 ICT Irrigation Transport 18.2 Water and sanitation 9 3.4 Source: Vivien F and C Briceño-Garmendia, Africa’s Infrastructure: A Time for Transformation, Washington DC: The World Bank and Agence Française de Développement, 2010, p. 74. 135 Vivien F and C Briceño-Garmendia, Africa‟s Infrastructure: A Time for Transformation, (World Bank and Agence Française de Développement, Washington DC, 2010) p. 74. 36