Page 67 203. These oppressive measures against Saharawi demonstrators in the occupied cities have resulted in the displacement of hundreds of Sahrawis in El-Aaiun, Marsa, Semera and other cities and urban areas as well as the Gdeim Izik Camp which has been housing the largest grouping of demonstrators since the beginning of the Moroccan military invasion. 204. The violent military assault against the Sahrawi displaced persons from the Gdeim Izik Camp (including children, women, persons with special needs, the aged and patients) is a typical example of the violation of the rights of the Sahrawi people to express themselves freely, to demonstrate peacefully and to demand their inalienable right to self-determination and independence. a) 205. Freedom of Movement Both the international human rights law and the international humanitarian law guarantee the right to establishment, movement and travel in accordance with Article 13 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, affirmed also by Article 12 of Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, ratified by Morocco in 1979. 206. Enjoyment of this right by the Sahrawi citizens is still systematically subjected to a number of restrictions and violations by the Moroccan State, including:  Confiscation of passports of the human rights activists;  Preventing them from travelling abroad;  Constant searching and detention of human rights activists and former political prisoners at checkpoints;