3. On access to public services, multiplication of barriers access, lack of recourse sin case of complaints before the courts and the police, and little chance of winning a litigation with village leaders (mostly Bantus) impunity of Bantu offenders; 4. In participation in public life, little or no quality of eligible candidates and voters, exclusion of village committees and decision- making at administrations and government level. As can be seen, the deprivation areas affect all spheres of the social life and put indigenous people in a very precarious condition, coupled with exclusion or even unbearable social segregation. They are actually treated as' subhuman '', endlessly involved in chores and without any recourse. They give the impression of being enclosed in a kind of thick sphere that cannot be broken. As at today, the 'humanitarian impact' 'is such that a progressive and effective solution must imperatively and urgently be found. Indigenous people, because of the discrimination and marginalisation that they experience, are a vulnerable group. Indeed, most of socio demographic indicators for this population category denote the differences that still exist between indigenous and all of the Congolese population; which reflects the extent of the efforts needed to improve the integration of the indigenous society. For example, the proportion of individuals who do not have a birth certificate is 64.3% among indigenous while overall it is only 5.1%. The GER (6-11 years) at primary level is 40% among indigenous children against 81.3% for the whole country. Table 52 Main socio demographic indicators of the indigenous population Indicators I/ State of the population Population volume Male Female Both sexes Proportions (both sexes) Less than 15 years More than 60 years Dependency rate Old-age index Median Age Male Female Both sexes Median age Male Female Both sexes Proportion of people: 128 Indigenous population All the Congolese population 21 022 22 356 43 378 1 821 357 1 876 133 3 697 490 40,7% 5,1% 84,4% 12,5% 38,6% 4,8% 72,0% 12,4% 23,9 years 24,6 years 24,1 years 23,1 years 23,6 years 23,3 years 19,6 years 21,0 years 20,4 years 19,6 years 19,5 years 19,5 years

Select target paragraph3