Elimination of Discrimination against Women 62. The Commission is satisfied by: i. The consecration of constitutional principle of equality of citizens before the law has been established in some important legislative texts (labour, trade, investment, landed property, etc.) Article 1, paragraph 2. ii. Prohibition of all forms of discrimination including gender-based violence by the Constitution (Article 1), the Labour Code (Article 48) and the Criminal Code, which in Article 132, penalizes any gender-based discrimination by a term of imprisonment of between 1 and 5 years. iii. Adoption of other legislative and regulatory texts which establish the principle of non-discrimination against women. iv. Adoption of affirmative action measures by organising a specific competition in November 2011 paving the way for fifty (50) additional women to the National School of Administration, Journalism and Magistrates and the recruitment of eight (8) women lecturers at the University following a competitive entrance examination. Education 63. The Commission notes with satisfaction the following: i. The reform of the education system which has enabled a 100% gross enrolment ratio (GER) to be achieved at the basic education level with the actual presence of young girls in school, with 103.8% of girls as against 96.5% for boys in the primary school; 45.1% for girls, 54.8% for boys in the secondary school, and 18% for girls as against 82% for boys in the higher education sector. ii. The development of several activities on awareness-raising regarding the content of African human and peoples’ rights instruments ratified by the country, in particular the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child and the Maputo Protocol. iii. Affirmative action in favour of women is provided for in the prevailing regulations. A quota for scholarships is reserved for the promotion of girls’ education equivalent to 6% of scholarships awarded abroad. Physical integrity and dignity, including sexual violence, trafficking in women and the use of women for medical and scientific experiments 64. The Commission is satisfied by the following: i. State prohibition of all forms of exploitation, punishment and inhuman or degrading treatment prohibited by the Constitution, the Penal Code and the Law against the practice of Female Genital Mutilation. 21