REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA COMBINED SECOND PERIODIC REPORT UNDER THE AFRICAN CHARTER ON HUMAN AND PEOPLE`S RIGHTS and INITIAL REPORT UNDER THE PROTOCOL TO THE AFRICAN CHARTER ON THE RIGHTS OF WOMEN IN AFRICA • HIV prevention requires a comprehensive approach including access to condoms and water-based lubricants; reducing vulnerability to sexual assault; post-exposure prophylaxis with established drug regimens including monitoring of drug safety and potential seroconversion; harm reduction programmes to reduce the risk of HIV-transmission related to substance abuse; education on risk behaviour and preventive measures with a focus on men having sex with men; and Male Medical Circumcision (MMC) with adequate counselling on risk reduction after the intervention. • HIV- and TB-related stigma and discrimination must be minimised through peer education, support groups and information campaigns. • All pregnant women must be referred to the DoH health facilities for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV and follow up. • To prevent TB in pregnancy, TB symptom screening must be conducted on admission and at every visit to the health facility, regardless of their HIV status. All HIV-positive pregnant women without TB symptoms must receive IPT. • TB treatment must be given to all women if indicated. • All HIV-positive pregnant women must receive ART regardless of their CD4 count. • All women irrespective of HIV and TB status must be encouraged to breastfeed. If active TB has been excluded, all infants living with their mothers in correctional centres must be started on IPT. • Treatment for prevention of mother-to-child transmission must be completed. 80. The Department of Correctional Services is committed to providing need based care programmes aimed at maintaining the well-being of all incarcerated persons. These services provided by the Department largely fall within two streams, firstly, it includes all activities related to the management of psychological, spiritual, health, social work and HIV/AIDS for all inmates. These include, among others, the provision of therapy for inmates, life skills and HIV/AIDS counselling. Measures to ensure skills development of inmates 81. The DCS focuses on skills development for inmates. Currently the focus is on entrepreneurial training, computer skills training, vocational training, engineering studies and business studies. The Department also facilitates the participation of inmates in formal education at different levels from adult basic education to higher education. Pre-literacy and adult education programmes are offered up to the Grade 12 level. These costs are all carried by the Department of Correctional Services. Tertiary education is encouraged at the cost of the detainee, although the establishment of funding schemes have commenced. 28