CHAPTER FIVE .................................................................................................. 225 5. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ............................................................... 225 5.1 Introduction: Stakes, challenges and risks of corporate governance ........... 225 5.2 Ratification and implementation of standards and codes ............................ 228 5.3 Assessment of APR objectives .................................................................. 237 CHAPTER SIX .................................................................................................... 287 6. SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT .................................................... 287 6.1 Introduction: Challenges to the governance of socioeconomic development ............................................................................................. 287 6.2 Ratification and implementation of standards and codes ............................ 288 6.3 Assessment of APR objectives .................................................................. 290 CHAPTER SEVEN .............................................................................................. 359 7. CROSSCUTTING ISSUES ...................................................................... 359 7.1 Decentralisation ........................................................................................ 359 7.2 The informal sector ................................................................................... 362 7.3 Modernisation of the state ......................................................................... 366 7.4 Corruption ................................................................................................ 369 7.5 Land use planning ..................................................................................... 372 7.6 The training, upgrading and involvement of the youth ............................... 376 7.7 The issue of gender and gender equality in Burkina Faso .......................... 378 7.8 The diaspora: sustainable development factor ........................................... 380 7.9 Legal insecurity in the rule of law ............................................................. 381 7.10 The issue of e-governance ......................................................................... 383 CHAPTER EIGHT ............................................................................................... 385 8. GENERAL CONCLUSION: CONSTRAINTS, RISKS AND PROSPECTS ............................................................................................ 385 8.1 Constraints ................................................................................................ 385 8.2 Risks ......................................................................................................... 390 8.3 Prospects .................................................................................................. 390 ANNEXURE I: NATIONAL PROGRAMME OF ACTION ................................ 393 ANNEXURE II: COMMENTS AND CORRIGENDA OF THE BURKINABE GOVERNMENT .................................................................................................. 481 ANNEXURE III: REPORT ON THE PEER REVIEW OF BURKINA FASO ...... 499 TABLES 2.1 Chronology of political events from 1958 to 2008 ....................................... 63 3.1 UN ............................................................................................................. 72 3.2 ILO ............................................................................................................. 78 3.3 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) ................................................................................................. 80 3.4 International humanitarian law .................................................................... 80 viii

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