Chapter three: Democracy and good political governance Table 3.2: Election results and distribution of National Assembly seats in 1993, 1998 and 2002 Year Parties 1993 1998 2002 Percentage of votes Seats won Total seats BCP 74.7 65 65 LCD 60.7 79 80 BNP 24.5 1 LCD 54.8 77 BNP 22.4 21 Basutoland African Congress 2.9 3 BCP 2.7 3 Lesotho People’s Congress (LPC) 5.8 5 National Independence Party (NIP) 5.5 5 Lesotho Workers’ Party 1.4 1 MFP 1.2 1 Popular Front for Democracy 1.1 1 National Progressive Party 0.7 1 118 Source: APRM Background Paper on Lesotho. 187. The CRM heard some criticism of the MMP electoral system, mostly regarding the use of a dual ballot, one for the 80 constituency seats where the FPTP election system applies, and another for the 40 national or PR (compensatory) seats. The dual ballot was seen as the loophole that allowed electoral manipulation through the formation of informal alliances that undermine the MMP electoral system. 188. Although there was such criticism of the MMP electoral system, the general impression was that stakeholders do not blame the IEC for bad electoral administration. Additionally, there were not any suggestions for an alternative electoral system to replace the MMP system. Overall, there appeared to be general agreement on the positive attributes of the system, which nevertheless requires fine-tuning as regards its operations. The cause of the post-2007 election squabbles was attributed to dominant-party opportunism and bad faith. Stakeholders thus called for the introduction of a single ballot in order to eliminate the loophole. Supremacy of the constitution and the rule of law 189. The supremacy of the constitution was not doubted by any of the stakeholders consulted. There was widespread concurrence that the coexistence of the monarchy and the Western-style state system should be preserved. Indeed, the consolidation of the constitutional monarchy is a manifestation 63