Executive summary growth rate of 0.1 per cent. The government of Lesotho has implemented several HIV prevention strategies, including education campaigns, work-based HIV prevention initiatives, targeting highrisk groups, prevention of mother-to-child transmission, male circumcision, and behaviour change. But it is also the case that sexual behaviour is rooted in powerfully held traditional attitudes and beliefs which are difficult to change. 6.9 Lesotho as an enclave political economy 6.10 One consequence of its enclave status is that Lesotho has few development alternatives. It is limited by its small size and low resource endowments. Lesotho, therefore, faces considerable vulnerability that could be a source of instability, such as South African protectionism and exogenous shocks in the global economy. Politically, Lesotho is severely constrained; at one time, South Africa closed its borders in the mid-1980s in order to influence Lesotho’s political decisions. The overall effect is that Lesotho is severely constrained in its capacity to determine autonomous and sustainable development policies. 7. The National Programme of Action 7.1 A major outcome of the country self-assessment process was the National Programme of Action (NPoA) to address identified gaps and challenges in respect of governance in Lesotho. The estimated total amount required to implement the NPoA is US$194,545,000. It will be vital for the government and the development partners to mobilise the resources required in order to implement the programme. The APRM framework also provides a channel through which African states can mutually support one another in implementing the NPoA. 17