CHAPTER 2 ? ? information and educating the public on the evils of corruption. Re-establish SFO authority by appointing a Board and Executive Director Enact the Whistle-Blowers' Bill. Objective 8: Promote and protect of the rights of women i. Self-assessment 85. More than half the Ghanaian population is female. Good governance demands that all people, both men and women, be involved in the development and democratic processes. Measures to promote and protect the rights of women 86. Article 17 of the 1992 Constitution bans discrimination against men and women and provides that all persons be seen as equal before the law. The Criminal Code in Ghana criminalises rape, defilement, incest, abduction and forced marriage. The realisation that the code inadequately criminalises domestic violence led the Law Reform Commission in 1999 to recommend proposals for legislation against domestic violence. This resulted in the Domestic Violence Bill. Domestic violence continues to be one of the more common human rights abuses in Ghana. Research conducted by the Gender Centre in 1999 shows that over 90% of the victims of domestic violence are women and children, with one in three women in the country having been physically abused by an intimate partner. Other common forms of violence against women are sexual harassment at home and the workplace, and female circumcision. Legal foundations for gender mainstreaming policies and programmes in Ghana are lodged in the Directive Principles of State Policy, and Chapter 5 on Fundamental Human Rights in the 1992 Constitution. Many of these policies and programmes also have their roots in regional and international standards and codes, as the CSAR has amply illustrated. Right to political participation 87. There are no specific laws in Ghana on the political rights and participation of women, although Article 9 of the African Charter's protocol obliges State parties to ensure equal participation of women in political life through affirmative action and enabling legislation. Protection of family and marriage and the right to citizenship. 88. There are three types of marriage in Ghana: the Islamic Ordinance, the Marriage 38