CHAPTER 6 and with great discretion. There are many advantages linked to growth and poverty reduction that are associated with access to land, individual land ownership and security of tenure. The Panel therefore recommends that the ongoing review of the 1999 Land Policy recommendations should be expedited and a plan for their implementation be formulated. 6.1.6 Chieftaincy 12. It is understood that chieftaincy institutions are unique establishments and have been integral parts of the Ghanaian system of governance for centuries. The chieftaincy system is respected and honoured by most citizens. The system undoubtedly plays an important part in the decentralisation programme and has a critical contribution to make in the promotion of human development and the eradication of poverty. Chieftaincies control vast tracts of cultivable land that could be utilised more economically to produce commodities for domestic consumption and export. Because of Ghanaians' respect for, and pride in chieftaincies as their own indigenous institutions of governance, chieftaincies must remain active participants in, and constructive contributors to the processes of decentralisation, democratisation and sustainable development. 13. It is necessary to find a workable balance between the retention of established cultural and traditional customs, and growing pressure from communities for the implementation of the neo-liberal provisions contained in the 1992 Constitution. The problem of finding a desirable equilibrium that will avoid unwanted frustration, dissatisfaction and friction is best left to Ghanaians to solve for themselves. 6.1.7 Unemployment 14. Unemployment is gradually assuming an inexorable position in Ghana. The unemployment rate has been gradually growing. A disturbing dimension of this problem has been identified as the growing joblessness among the youth, university graduates, and graduates of middle and junior secondary schools. Stakeholders in Ghana feel that policy making in employment creation is receiving attention although success in this regard has been modest. To spur economic growth, there is a need to step up employment creation particularly in the production sector. Stakeholders also call for more involvement of the private sector in job creation. 142