ANNEXES Annex 1 Title II of the Malagasy Constitution TITLE II: OF THE FREEDOMS, THE RIGHTS AND THE DUTIES OF THE CITIZENS SUB-TITLE I: OF THE CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS AND DUTIES Article 7 - The individual rights and the fundamental freedoms are guaranteed by the Constitution and their exercise is organized by the law. Article 8- The right of all persons to life is protected by the Law. No one may be arbitrarily deprived of life. Death is not considered as inflicted in violation of this Article in the cases where it would result from recourse to the force rendered absolutely necessary, in view of assuring the defense of all persons against illegal violence. No one may be submitted to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading penalties or treatments. In particular, it is prohibited to submit a person without their free consent to a medical or scientific experiment. Article 9- All persons have the right to liberty and may not be subject to arrest or arbitrary detention. No one may be prosecuted, arrested or detained except in cases determined by the law and accordingly to the forms prescribed by it. Any individual made a victim of illegal arrest or detention has the right to reparation. Article 10- The freedoms of opinion and of expression, of communication, of the press, of association, of assembly, of circulation, of conscience and of religion are guaranteed to all and may only be limited by the respect for the freedoms and rights of others, and by the imperative of safeguarding the public order, the national dignity and the security of the State. Article 11 - Any individual has the right to information. Information under all its forms is not submitted to any prior constraint, except that which infringes the public order and the morality. The freedom of information, whatever the medium, is a right. The exercise of this right includes duties and responsibilities, and is submitted to certain formalities, conditions, or sanctions specified by the law, which are the measures necessary in a democratic society. All forms of censorship are prohibited. The law organizes the exercise of the profession of journalist. a