e) Barriers relating to institutional and organizational factors 380. At the institutional and organizational level, it shall be recalled that the rule of law relies essentially on the existence of efficient, transparent and accessible public institutions. This implies, among other things, a strong capacity of public institutions to effectively manage public resources and organize their activities in the exercise of their duties. However, an inadequate understanding of public resources management tools, the individualistic management and organizational culture of State services, and poor working conditions make it difficult to properly carry out the missions assigned to public institutions, especially those responsible for ensuring or promoting good governance, including the Judiciary, the National Assembly, the High Council for Communication, the Constitutional Council, the Office of the Ombudsman, the National Human Rights Commission, etc. CHAPTER 7: CHAD’S RESPECT OF THE CHARTER IN ITS INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 381. In the 12th and 13th paragraphs of the preamble to the Chadian Constitution, the Chadian people pledge “their willingness to cooperate in achieving peace and friendship with all peoples who share their ideals of freedom, justice and solidarity, based on the principles of equality, mutual interest, mutual respect and national sovereignty, territorial integrity and non-interference. Declare their commitment to the cause of African unity and to do everything possible to achieve sub-regional and regional integration”. 382. In its international relations, Chad has indeed always respected and defended all the provisions of the African Charter, in particular the principles of the sovereignty of Member States, noninterference in the internal affairs of States as well as the principles of solidarity and international peace. 383. Chad is engaged in very active diplomacy, which led to the establishment of new diplomatic representations and the strengthening of existing representations abroad. The country now has 25 embassies covering about 100 countries, and 8 consulates. It hosts 23 foreign embassies and a dozen international and sub-regional organizations. 384. This diplomacy has also resulted in a stronger presence on the African and international scene. It became even more prominent during unprecedented security crises faced by other countries (Sudan, CAR, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Cameroon and Libya). In each of these crises, Chad played a diplomatic and military role that sometimes proved to be decisive in resolving or mitigating these conflicts. This proactive diplomacy also enabled the country to accede to the Security Council as a non-permanent member for the period 2014-2015. Chad’s term of office on the UNSC was particularly noted for Page 82 sur 87