limitations to the principle of freedom of expression, as follows: “Freedom of communication must not disturb the peace, threaten the dignity of the human person or disrupt law and order; it must not contain any information or assertion contrary to Islamic morality or liable to justify racism, tribalism, treason or fanaticism”. 115. In compliance with the Freedom of Communication Act (Article 5), two regulatory agencies will be established: the National Communication Committee (CNC) and the National Committee in charge of issuing official press cards. 116. A law on the status of members of the press and broadcast media was adopted in 2007 to meet the need to regulate the profession of journalism, referred to in the 1992 legislation on the press (Article 65). In an effort to promote freedom of expression as well as unity and solidarity within the corporation, these organizations network at the regional and international level with the Federation of African Journalists (FAJ) and the Eastern Africa Journalists Association (EAJA) to name a few. 117. These initiatives are indications of the gradual change in the broadcasting and print media landscape marked by the emergence of new papers and magazines as well as the expression, in the context of political pluralism, of contrasting opinions fundamental for the exercise of journalism in a democratic country. 8. Freedom of association, demonstration and assembly Article 10 Every individual shall have the right to free association provided that he abides by the law. Subject to the obligation of solidarity provided for in Article 29, no one may be compelled to join an association. Article 11 Every individual shall have the right to assemble freely with others. The exercise of this right shall be subject only to necessary restrictions provided for by law, in particular those enacted in the interest of national security, the safety, health, ethics and rights and freedoms of others. 118. Although freedom of association and freedom to form and join trade unions are recognized in article 15 of the Constitution, which lays down the principle that “all persons have the right to freely form associations and trade unions, provided that they satisfy the requirements of the laws and regulations”, the Government has not paid the same attention to their implementation. 27

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