establishment of 6 immigration advisory offices in various governorates, the number of such offices is being increased at the governorate level in order to raise awareness of the dangers of illegal migration and to reduce this phenomenon 6 .Egypt is keen to continue to cooperate with the Office of the High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) and supports and facilitates the work of its office in Cairo for the registration of refugees and asylum seekers, where Egypt hosts several million refugees between registered and non-registered in the High Commission for Refugees, guaranteeing them freedom of housing, movement and work, as well as their access to all the services enjoyed by the Egyptian citizen, and living side by side with the Egyptian citizens without being isolate 7 .Law No. 77 of 2016 amending some provisions of Law No. 89 of 1960 concerning the entry and stay of foreigners and exit of Egyptian territory, including granting the director of the Passport, Immigration and Naturalization Service the ability to reconcile in some of the offences set forth in this law C. Illegal migration and smuggling of migrants 1. Egypt has participated in international and regional efforts to combat and prevent illegal migration, and has taken the initiative to accede to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime of 2000 and to the Protocol supplementing the Convention against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, sea and air for the year 2004, and the Arab Convention against Organized transnational Crime of 2010 2. In view of the worsening of the global threat from this phenomenon and its spread at the African level by exploiting the northern coast of the continent as a springboard for migratory waves by organized and transnational criminal entities, Egypt is subject to the geographical location of these incoming waves. In compliance with the international obligations arising from Egypt's accession to the above-mentioned international conventions, and in order to ensure that legislative treatment is consistent with the prevailing notions of combating smuggling, the law on combating illegal immigration and smuggling of migrants No. 82 of 2016 was promulgated, providing for the criminalization of all forms of their smuggling, and it was primarily about confronting the organizations involved in the crime of smuggling migrants 3. As part of strengthening the protection of smuggled migrants, the law stipulates the obligation of the State to provide appropriate measures for the protection of their rights, both 90