In accordance with the above points, following formal ratification and promulgation by the legislative authority, the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights became law on April 23, 1992. As such, its provisions are considered to be Egyptian legal texts applicable to all authorities in the state, whether legislative, executive or judicial. Thus, the human rights and fundamental freedoms enshrined in the charter enjoy superior protection in Egypt, including: Protection under constitutional rule: The inclusion of the principles of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the constitution, as stated above, should ensure the prescribed protection of the constitutional rule. These provisions came into effect at the time of the promulgation of the Constitution, while anything contrary to these principles or contravening them is considered unconstitutional. This also applies to any laws that may be issued by the legislature later once the constitution comes into force. Accordingly, any concerned stakeholder may, at any time and in the prescribed circumstances, refer to the Supreme Constitutional Court to obtain a ruling on the unconstitutionality of the relevant infringing legislation. The judgments of that court shall be final and enforceable against all authorities and shall be published in the Official Gazette. Protection prescribed for legal rules: All provisions of international treaties, including the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, enjoy full legal status in the country, in terms of direct and immediate applicability and enforceability before all authorities in the state. These authorities are bound by the provisions of the charter and the rules laid down therein. This directly grants those affected the right to resort to the competent court in accordance with the nature of the violation, and the conditions prescribed for obtaining the rights arising therefrom. Criminal Protection: 23