telecommunication industry, especially GSM operators, only engage in promotional offers which cannot be rated as CSR activities. 5.2.9 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), heretofore regarded as a matter of corporate conscience, addressed by the new code of corporate governance. The new National tax Policy, has introduced a fair regime for deductible donations under the tax laws to enhance the ability of companies to engage in Corporate Social Responsibility. 5.2.10 Through dialogue and education on social awareness, relevant agencies of the Federal Government and some concerned State Governments, have achieved community awareness in holding business corporations responsible for their actions. Shareholders and investors through their Associations and through socially responsible investing are also exerting pressure on corporations to behave responsibly. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) Community Based Organizations (CBOs) Human Rights Organizations (HROs) Private Sector Organizations (PSOs) and organized youth associations are playing increasing roles to cause several companies to redefine their collaborations with stakeholders. Multinational Oil and Gas companies in the Niger Delta have of recent started taking CSR seriously, because of the wave of violence and the demands of the restive youths that characterized the later part of 2008. 5.2.11 Similarly, companies operating in the Niger Delta region have started to extend their scope of CSR into skills acquisition programmes aimed at youth empowerment; provision of essential services and education and scholarship programmes. Though adoption and reporting of CSR policies is in early stages in Nigeria, the major problem seems to be with measurement of performance. Government has taken cognizance of this in view of the relevance of CSR to the country’s development. 62