The National Commission for Refugees has identified the major causes as relating to disputes over land and power struggles that take on ethnic or religious dimensions. Delta State has reportedly been the worst affected owing to the ongoing conflicts, with over 700,000 IDPs over time. 410. Nigeria lacks a national law or policy on IDPs. NEMA was set up in 1999 to manage and coordinate emergency relief programmes. Some states have emergency relief agencies as well. Although relief efforts are not always timely, IDPs have received food and other services like medical care, shelter and treatment in the short term through the auspices of NEMA. 411. NEMA has advocated a National Policy on Disaster Management in order to allow greater participation by states and local governments in disaster management. In the past, the roles of NEMA and the National Commission for Refugees in handling IDP camps at the federal level and the mandates of authorities at state and local government level were not clear, and duplication of results sometimes arose. 412. According to the CSAR, some people feel that NEMA and other relief agencies in the states are inefficient. Rather than assisting the victims properly, the agencies take advantage and corrupt the entire system. Sometimes the victims depend on charity and ad hoc provisions for survival. 413. While Nigeria is considered financially able to cater for IDPs, lack of coordinated management and technical capacity of relief agencies at state and national level has often affected the efficacy of humanitarian efforts. Data collection is weak and has affected the effective planning for IDPs, especially in the long term. Caring for refugees 136 414. Nigeria is a signatory to the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. To that end, a National Commission for Refugees was set up in 1989 to deal with the needs of refugees. The government of Nigeria, in conjunction with the UNHCR Nigeria, has magnanimously hosted refugees from various countries. In the recent clashes in Chad, refugees entered Nigeria though Gamboru-Ngala and the state governor undertook to provide food for refugees using state funds. 415. A refugee camp in Ogun State hosted Sierra Leonean and Liberian refugees and was partially closed in 2007, with most of the refugees being repatriated. Nigeria has also been host to refugees from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Sudan, Rwanda, Cameroon, Niger and Côte d’Ivoire. More recently, Chadians fleeing conflict have been living at the Ngala Refugee Camp. The UNHCR Nigeria and other UN agencies are working with the federal government to set up economic empowerment initiatives that will provide employment, shelter and food in order to prevent the recurrence of ethnic conflicts. 416. Stakeholders have noted constraints in some camps, such as in Oru. Most camps are characterised by overcrowding and lack of adequate sleeping