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•
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tion of family trust, or a female relative);
Sexual abuse, especially of girls in educational institutions;
Harmful traditional practices, such as marrying off daughters at a young
age and giving preference to sons;
Trafficking in women; and
Forced prostitution.
In the consultations held in the provinces, the CRM learnt that violence against
men is widespread as women are fighting back.
cxliv.
The APR Panel takes the view that gender-based violence needs to be urgently addressed because it has a wide range of health, social, psychological
and economic implications. Violence against women has several health, human rights and socioeconomic consequences for affected women and their
families. Abused women are more prone to mental health problems, such
as depression, anxiety, psychosomatic symptoms, eating disorders and sexual
dysfunction. Women who have been sexually abused as children are more
likely to have unprotected sex as adolescents and adults, and therefore run
the risk of contracting HIV/Aids. Affected women may suffer from different
reproductive health problems, such as gynaecological problems and sexually
transmitted diseases (STDs), including HIV/Aids. Consequences such as contracting Aids or unplanned pregnancies may in themselves act as risk factors
for further aggression, forming a cycle of abuse. The effects of violence may
also be fatal as a result of intentional homicide or suicide.
4.11
Capacity Constraints and Implementation Challenges
cxlv.
At the heart of development is capacity building with a view to developing
not only a capable state, but also a capable nation and society. Essentially
this involves being able to identify goals and objectives, and marshal all the
resources of the nation to meet them. Central to this is the ability to meet
challenges and solve problems.
cxlvi.
For understandable reasons, capacity weaknesses are inherent in Mozambique.
These are manifest in the following ways:
• Institutional weaknesses;
• Low human resources development;
• Problems of coordination and management;
• Lack of comprehensiveness;
• Challenges of knowledge generation and information management; and
• Weaknesses of ownership and donor coordination.
The lack of human resources and institutional capacity is a significant constraint
to development in Mozambique, regardless of the sector, region or issue.
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A P R M COU N T RY R EV IEW R EP ORT NO. 11