Other Fertility rate, total (births per woman) 6.2 6.0 5.7 5.2 Gross national income (GNI) per capita, Atlas method (current US$) 170 130 230 320 GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions) 2.3 2.1 4.2 6.8 Gross capital formation (% of the GDP) 22.1 27.0 31.0 23.9 Life expectancy at birth, total (years) 44 45 45 42 Literacy rate, adult total (% of people aged 15 and above) .. .. .. .. Population, total (millions) 13.5 15.9 18.2 21.4 Trade (% of the GDP) 44.2 56.6 54.5 84.7 Source: World Development Indicators (WDI) database. Life expectancy at birth (in years), 2003–07 Year Total of males and females Males Females 2003 46.3 44.4 48.2 2004 46.7 44.8 48.6 2005 47.1 45.2 49.0 2006 47.4 45.5 49.3 2007 47.6 45.8 49.6 Source: Annual projection of total population updated, 1997–2015. Infant mortality rate (per those live births), 2003–07 Year Total of males and females Males Females 2003 115.9 121.4 110.2 2004 111.9 117.3 106.3 2005 107.9 113.2 102.4 2006 105.0 110.0 99.8 2007 102.1 106.7 97.2 xxii A P R M COU N T RY R EV IEW R EP ORT NO. 11