mitment to peace. Reactions observed during the CRM’s validation workshops reflected deep-seated resentment against such discrimination. 252. The ambiance of peace is also disturbed by inconclusive DDR programmes. Ex-combatants facing challenges in reintegrating comprise the following categories: • Ex-combatants of the liberation war; • Ex-combatants of the civil war; and • Persons who complete the two-year compulsory military service. 253. These three groups experience different conditions of disengagement. Those who fought in the liberation war leading to independence in 1975 were, upon demobilisation, paid their entitlements and given assistance to reintegrate into society. Some had the opportunity to go abroad for training to acquire skills with which to fend for themselves. This category of ex-combatants has been satisfactorily reintegrated and possibly serves as an example of how the other categories can be dealt with. 254. The second category comprises those were demobilised after the 16-year civil war. UNOMOZ recorded a total of 91 478 (70 959 FRELIMO and 20 519 RENAMO) soldiers on both sides after the war, of whom only 12 453 were absorbed into the newly formed FADM. Eligible demobilised soldiers (mostly FRELIMO soldiers) were paid stipends over a period of 18 months, during which their reintegration into society was expected to be completed under the Reintegration Support Scheme funded from a trust fund managed by the UNDP. Most RENAMO soldiers not absorbed into the FADM were omitted from the payment of stipends, ostensibly because the government did not have their service records to assess their entitlements. Further support was provided by the Occupational Skills Development Programme, which was established under the Commission for Reintegration (CORE) but was taken over, when the latter wound up, by the Ministry of Labour and was run in collaboration with the UNDP and the ILO. 255. Furthermore, the Provincial Open Reintegration Fund was run by GTZ in the central provinces and by the IOM in the northern provinces, providing funding for self-employment and micro-entrepreneurial projects. This fund presaged the current LIIF in its philosophy, except that it targeted ex-combatants. All three programmes were terminated in the mid-1990s, because there were no funds to continue them after donors withdrew their support. The termination of the programmes left gaps in the support to ex-combatants and has opened up the country to potential threats of violent conflict because of deteriorating living standards of those affected. The high concentration of such people in three contiguous provinces – with Zambézia (15 256), Sofala (12 808) and Nampula (12 021) having 43 per cent of the demobilised soldiers – is unhealthy, as these areas are also more economically depressed. As a result, survival or coping opportunities for demobilised ex-combatants are limited. 104 A P R M COU N T RY R EV IEW R EP ORT NO. 11