146- The regularity of the polls was evaluated by election observers accredited to the different polls87.The table below shows the number of election observers accredited from 2013 to 2018. TableNo.3: Number of election observers from 2013 to 2018 Number Number of national Number observers international Poll observers Election of Senators 3,661 127 2013 Legislative and 12,710 326 Council elections 2013 Election of Senators 2018 Election of President 3,662 430 of the Republic of 7 October 2018 Source:ELECAM/MINAT of Total number of accredited observers 3,788 13,036 58 4,092 147- Electoral disputes were examined by the Administrative Bench of the Supreme Court for council elections88, and by the Supreme Court sitting as the Constitutional Council for legislative elections and the election of Senators of 2013. Following the effective set up of the Constitutional Council in February 2018, it examined electoral disputes of the Senatorial election of 25 March 2018 and those of the Presidential election of 7 October 2018. In addition to procedural issues, the electoral disputes gave the courts the opportunity to rule on issues relating to nationality, gender consideration in the drawing up of electoral lists 89 and the sociological composition of same, floor crossing of political parties90 or the criminal jurisdiction of the Constitutional Council91. 148- At the end of the elections organised during the period 2013-2018, the configuration of the political landscape changed slightly. Thus, with regard to the Presidential election of 7 October 2018 which had a participation rate of 53.85%92, out of the 9 contesting candidates93, candidate BIYA Paul was elected with 71.28% of votes cast94. 149-During the Senatorial election of 25 March 2018, the participation rate stood at 97.72% as against 98.95% in 201395. During the 2013-2018 term of office, the number of political 87 During the Senatorial election of 2013, MINATD accredited 69 CSOs and diplomatic missions comprising the Embassy of the United States of America, and the Election Observation Mission of the European Union, and 3,788 observers of which 3,661 national observers and 167 international observers. 88 35 political parties took part in the council elections of 2013 with 753 lists of candidates. 89 The Matter between MDR and ELECAM heared during the court session of the Supreme Court sitting as the Constitutional Council of 28 March 2013. 90 The Matter between Silatchoum Edouard (UPC) and ELECAM relating to the challenge of the candidature of Kayo Patrice of the SDF list was heard on 19 August 2013 by the Administrative Bench of the Supreme Court. 91 The Matter between Ngoudem Jules (CDU) and SDF, ELECAM and MINATD, heard by the Supreme Court sitting as the Constitutional Council on 26 April 2013. 92 Out of 6,596,900 registered voters, 3,590,681 persons voted. 93 There was a female candidate among the 25 candidacies received by ELECAM. However, no female candidate was among the 9 candidates validated by the Constitutional Council, whereas in the Presidential election of 2011, 2 female candidatures were validated. 94 The other candidates had the following results: Garga Haman Adji:1.55%, Kamto Maurice: 14.23%, Libi Li Li Ngue Cabral: 6.28%, Matomba Serge Espoir: 0.56%, Akere Tabeng Muna:0.35%, Ndam Njoya Adamou: 1.73%, Ndifor Afanwi Franklin: 0.67%, Joshua Osi Nambangi:3.36%. 95 Out of 9,889 registered voters, 9,785 voted. 31