THE KINGDOM OF LESOTHO COMBINED SECOND TO EIGHTH PERIODIC REPORT UNDER THE AFRICAN CHARTER ON HUMAN AND PEOPLES’ RIGHTS AND INITIAL REPORT UNDER THE PROTOCOL TO THE AFRICAN CHARTER ON THE RIGHTS OF WOMEN IN AFRICA languages do not face distinction. For instance, the Curriculum and Assessment Policy 2009 provides that education should strive for developing appreciation and acceptance of national culture and cultural diversity, history, values and norms basic for national unity and development, promoting basic understanding of democratic principles, human rights and responsibilities for effective participation and contribution to the life of society. 234. The policy further states that mother tongue shall be used as a medium of instruction in primary schools from reception to grade 3 while English and Sesotho are taught as a subject at this and other levels. This is in cognisance of the Xhosas and Baphuthi who are linguistic minorities in Lesotho. The policy further states that sign language shall form part of the new language policy. Challenges 235. The challenge with the use of Xhosa and Sephuthi as medium of instruction in areas where it is commonly used in that there are very limited trained teachers who speak and understand these languages. However, the Government of Lesotho, in collaboration with the communities which speak Xhosa and Phuthi is working towards ensuring these languages are medium of instruction for the learners whom these are mother tongue. ARTICLE 20: RIGHT TO SELF DETERMINATION Constitutional measures 236. Section 1(1) of the Constitution of Lesotho denotes Lesotho as a sovereign democratic kingdom governed through regular, free and fair elections. 237. Section 85(3)(a) of the Constitution further permits through alteration of the Constitution, reconstitution of the fundamental nature of the state subject to a referendum submitted to the electors should that question ever arise. 91