CHAPTER THREE: DEMOCRACY AND POLITICAL GOVERNANCE __________________________________________________________________________ Parliament; the ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the law against the trafficking and exploitation of children; free nursery and primary education; training programmes for the youth in entrepreneurship; NGO programmes of international institutions like Aide et Action, Terre des Hommes, Plan Benin, UNICEF, the Network for the Integration of African Women Working in NGO and African Associations (RIFONGA) Benin, and others. Several activities have been undertaken. These include the organisation of a seminar on youth employment; the promotion of civic education and citizenship; the creation of a Ministry of Youth and Sports and Leisure; the creation of recreation centres in the departments of the country; the establishment, within the same ministry, of a press group for the sensitisation of youth, by the youth, about reproductive health in particular; the establishment of youth centres in communities; and the training of youth in entrepreneurship. 290. The CSAR mentions that, despite these measures, there are still many problems. These include child trafficking; illegal work and economic exploitation, particularly through child labour; and unemployment and massive underemployment of the youth. 291. With regard to weaknesses, the CSAR notes that laws on the rights of children and the youth are not being disseminated, that there is a lack of incentives to structures that should take the youth into account, that there is a general lack of civic responsibility, and a lack of human and material resources to run the recreation centres. 292. At the end of this review, the CSAR proposes solutions or actions to improve governance. These include disseminating laws on the rights of children, creating employment for youth through the promotion of local radio stations, and integrating the youth (also through the radio stations). ii. Conclusions of the CRM 293. The CRM notes that Benin has acceded to a large number of international and regional instruments that protect the rights of children. One such instrument is the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which was published on 5 September 2006. Benin has also ratified the following documents:  The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography (25 May 2000).  The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflicts (25 May 2000).  Convention 138 of the ILO, on the minimum age of admission to employment (11 June 2001). 117